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four shared electrons, or two shared pairs of electrons (or two covalent bonds) between the same two atoms.
Ernest Rutherford carried out the famous experiment that led to the hypothesis of the nuclear...
separate a solute, such as salt, from a solution, such as water.
reversible reactions reach equilibrium, provided they occur in a closed container (closed system...
a group of organic compounds that can be represented by a general formula e.g. alkanes, alcohols...
when a reaction produces a gaseous product that is allowed to escape.