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when firms do not produce the correct quantity to suit demand as they do not use the resources available to produce the optimal production.
(in calculations) before any deductions have been made (for depreciation of capital goods)
the construction or manufacturing of new capital goods; such as buildings; machinery or vehicles...
a form of centrally planned economy where all capital; natural resources and businesses are...
builds engineering projects on behalf of the community.
the total value of all the expenditure of all the citizens of a country no matter where they are...